The arms carried into battle by Sir John Stewart of Garlies (d. 1298).
SIR JOHN STEWART (d. 1298) was a Scottish knight who was the son of Alexander Stewart of Dundonald, the 4th High Steward of Scotland, and Bethoc of Angus. His older brother James was the hereditary 5th High Steward of Scotland. Sir John married MARGARET OF BUNKLE, “an virgin of great beauty”, the daughter and sole heiress of SIR ALEXANDER OF BUNKLE (d. 1300) and his wife, whose name is unknown.[1] As the baron of Bunkle and Preston in Berwickshire – located in the Scottish Borders - Sir Alexander and his wife resided in Bunkle Castle.
The Ruins of Bunkle Castle, which was inherited by Sir John Stewart's wife, Margaret of Bunkle in 1304 [2]
No contemporary evidence exists to suggest that he inherited the lands of his father-in-law in Bunkle, Berwickshire during his lifetime, or that he ever went by the appellation, “of Bunkle/Bonkyl,” as many later writers have suggested. Sir John is listed among the barons of Scotland, but no territorial designation for him is given in any medieval texts. He is simply referred to as a knight, or as "the brother of the Steward." His brother, James, the 5th High Steward of Scotland, appears to have inherited the Dundonald Castle along with the Isle of Bute, including the lordship of Rothesay castle.
The Seal of Sir John Stewart from the 1292 Ragman Roll
The arms of Sir John Stewart (d. 1298)
Or, a Fess Cheque, Azure and Argent, surmounted of a Bend Gules
HERALDIC TERMS
Or: Gold
Fess: horizontal band
Cheque: check pattern
Azure: Blue
Argent: Silver
Bend: diagonal band
Gules: Red
On March 12, 1286, King Alexander III of Scotland died in an equestrian accident, creating a power vacuum. Following this disaster, several Scottish barons, including Sir John Stewart, his brother James the Stewart of Scotland, Robert Bruce, Earl of Carrick, and Robert Bruce Lord of Annandale (the father and grandfather of King Robert the Bruce, respectively), met on Friday, September 20, 1286 to write a document in which they:
“Make known that they bind themselves and promise faithfully, swearing on the Holy Gospels, that they will adhere to Sir Richard de Burgh, earl of Ulster, and Sir Thomas de Clare, in all their business, saving fealty to the king of England, and saving fealty to he who shall obtain the kingdom of Scotland by reason of relationship to Sir Alexander, king of Scotland, deceased.”[6]Sir Richard de Burgh and Sir Thomas de Clare were powerful nobles in Ireland under King Edward I of England.
As the granddaughter of King Alexander III, Margaret, Princess of Norway, was recognized as the next in line to the throne. Since the child-heir did not reside in Scotland, six Guardians of Scotland were appointed to rule on her behalf until she could arrive in Scotland, at which time a Regent would be appointed to rule in her behalf until she reached adulthood. However due to the internal struggles within Scotland, her father, King Eric II of Norway was deeply concerned for her safety.
On November 6, 1289, negotiations between King Edward I of England and the Guardians of Scotland concluded with the Treaty of Salisbury, which was confirmed by the nobles and ecclesiastical leaders of Scotland, including Sir John Stewart and his father-in-law, Alexander of Bunkle, on Tuesday, March 14, 1290:
“They make known that they have made firm and established those things treated and agreed at Salisbury concerning the settlement of the estate of their dear lady Margaret, queen and heiress of Scotland, and of her realm, in the presence of their lord Edward, king of England, in the below written form: When Erik, king of Norway, and Margaret, his daughter, lady queen heiress of Scotland, had asked by messengers (that is, Sir Terry de Champs de Jeu, Piers Algod and Guthorn de Aseleye), lord Edward, king of England, that he appoint, aid and counsel how the aforesaid queen, his niece, should she can rule and enjoy [it] as other kings do in their kingdoms, Edward, for the good and peace of Scotland, sent his letters to the guardians of Scotland that they should send certain named persons; which guardians, at Edward’s request, sent the bishops of St Andrews and Glasgow, Sir Robert Bruce, lord of Annandale, and Sir John Comyn, who came to Salisbury at Michaelmas last past. To which place Edward sent the bishops of Winchester and Durham and William de Valence, earl of Pembroke, and John, earl of Warenne, who came to the same place of parley for treating between the aforesaid messengers of the king of Norway and his daughter and the afore-named persons of Scotland, who, after much discussion and great debate, submitted in this way: the aforesaid lady shall come to England or Scotland before 1 November 1290, quit and free of all contract of marriage and espousal, which the messengers of Norway have promised to procure in good faith. The king of England has promised that if the lady comes, quit and free of all contract of marriage and espousal, that when the kingdom of Scotland is in good and secure peace, he is to be required by the good men of Scotland to send her to the kingdom of Scotland also quit and delivered of all contract of marriage, as he received her, with the proviso that the good people of Scotland have made good and sufficient surety for receiving her to the king of England that they will not marry her without his ordinance, desire and counsel, and by the assent of the king of Norway, her father. Those from Scotland have promised in good faith for themselves and for the other people of Scotland that they, before she comes, shall secure the land, and shall make surety there that she can come safely into her kingdom, as the true lady, queen and heiress; and that concerning this they shall make all the sureties which the messengers of Norway say they are able to make. And moreover, the parties agree that at mid Lent the men of Scotland shall come to Roxburgh, and the men whom the king of Scotland shall send, at the request of those of Scotland or Norway, shall be in the parts of Wark or Carham on the same day. At which day those of Scotland have promised in good faith to affirm and accomplish the things said before, and also well establish the sureties, with the other things that touch the amendment of the kingdom of Scotland, in the presence of those who the king of England has sent there at the day and place named before, so they can see that these things are accomplished in good form. And for greater security and stability they have appended their seals.” [7]After learning that Edward I had applied to the Pope for a dispensation for the marriage of his son Edward II to Margaret, the Barons of Scotland, including Sir John Stewart, wrote a letter to Edward I on Friday, March 17, 1290:
“[The] barons of the realm of Scotland, write to Edward, king of England, lord of Ireland and duke of Aquitaine, sending greetings and all the honours for his good fame and the rights that he does to everyone and for the good neighbourhood and profit that the kingdom of Scotland has received from him, his father and his ancestors; they note that they are happy that the pope has made a dispensation that the marriage may take place between their lord Edward, his son, and Lady Margaret, queen of Scotland, their most dear lady, notwithstanding their nearness of blood. They pray that Edward certify them concerning this because if the dispensation is granted, he may give them consent for the marriage and that he may do for them the things their messengers, sent to his parliament, displayed to him on their behalf. They shall send to his Easter parliament at London people of the realm.” [8]At the subsequent Treaty of Birgham on July 18 and ratified at Northampton on August 28, 1290, it was agreed that under the condition that Margaret married the son of Edward I, Scotland would remain “separate and divided from England according to its rightful boundaries, free in itself and without subjection,” that the Churches of Scotland and England would remain separate, the parliaments would remain distinct, and that landowners in Scotland would not be disinherited. Unfortunately, these clauses would not have taken effect due to all the additional reservations and clauses in the agreement.
However, all these negotiations came to naught when, while traveling to Scotland, Margaret died from illness in the Orkney Islands in September of that year. She was never inaugurated as Queen of Scotland.
Claimants to the Throne
With no obvious heir to the throne, 14 rivals claimed succession. The two most prominent claimants to the throne were Robert Bruce, the 5th Lord of Annandale, a great-great-grandson of King David I through his mother Isobel of Huntingdon and John Balliol, Lord of Galloway, a great-great-great grandson of King David I through his grandmother Margaret of Huntingdon – Isobel’s older sister. Robert Bruce's claim to the throne was based on proximity of blood, while John Balliol’s claim was based on primogeniture.
Fearing a civil war, the Guardians of Scotland requested the help of King Edward I of England to arbitrate. King Edward I insisted that he first be recognized as the Lord Paramount of Scotland prior to arbitrations. At Berwick-upon-Tweed in 1292, King Edward conducted a feudal court of himself and 104 auditors who could vote on which claimant they supported; this process is known as “The Great Cause.” Of the 104 auditors, King Edward appointed 24 auditors and Bruce and Balliol each appointed 40 auditors. After hearing the cases, the auditors voted to elect which candidate had the strongest claim to the throne.
Sir John Stewart and his brother James supported the claim of Robert Bruce, the 5th Lord of Annandale – the grandfather of their future ally Robert Bruce, the earl of Carrick, who later became king of Scotland. However, John Balliol was elected by the majority as having the strongest claim to the throne, and King John I of Scotland was crowned king shortly thereafter.
King Edward I of England treated King John I of Scotland as a vassal, exacting homage, asserting legal authority, imposing taxation, and demanding military support for his war against France. John Balliol caved to Edward’s demands, and the Scots came to know him as “Toom Tabard,” the “empty coat” or the “puppet king.”
The Scottish War of Independence
In light of these circumstances, on 15 May 1296, Sir John Stewart swore fealty to King Edward I of England at Roxburgh:
On 15 May [1296] at Roxburgh, there being present the noble lords, Walter de Beauchamp, John Tregotz, John Merk, and Thomas of Bicknor, knights, called and summoned to be witnesses, with other knights, clerks, and laymen in a large gathering, and the Notary named below; John, the late brother of James the Steward, a knight, compelled as he said neither by force nor by fear, but of his own accord, came into the the trust and obedience of the king of England; and alliances, contracts, agreements, and pacts (by whichever term they be defined), if those entered into at any time with the king of the French, in his name or with his consent, against his lord the king of England, had been in force, and whatever consequences that might come from them, in any way, now or in the future, so far as he was able or so far as it related to him or his own, he annulled for himself and for his heirs, and declared that they would be null and void, willingly, clearly, and absolutely, in so far as they had taken effect, he expressly renounced the same with every advantage that could accrue from them; and having taken hold of and kissed the most holy gospels of God, he performed fealty to the king of England, and in respect of his fealty so performed, he wrote his letters patent, drawn up in his name, sealed with the impression of his authentic pendant seal. [9]On July 10, 1296, Edward forced John Balliol to abdicate, tore the arms of Scotland from his surcoat, and imprisoned him in the Tower of London. He also seized the Stone of Scone and took it back with him to London, and appointed English governors in Scotland.
John Stewart, brother of the lord James, Steward of Scotland, having attained the trust and friendship to Edward, king of England etc., promises on his own part, and on that of his heirs, upon pain of body and property, to support King Edward, and serve him well and loyally against all people whenever called on or summoned by the king or his heirs; and that he shall know no harm to him, nor trouble him; and he binds himself, his heirs, and all their goods, and has sworn on the holy gospels. [10]
On 28 August 1296 at Berwick-upon-Tweed, Sir John Stewart, in company with other knights, once again swore fealty to King Edward I of England, stating:
Since they have come to the faith and will of their lord, Edward, king of England, they promise to serve him well and loyally; and each one has performed fealty to the king. [11]On 25 December 1296, he celebrated Christmas with the following act to be rendered in perpetuity:
John Stewart, brother of Sir James Stewart, for the salvation of his soul and all of his ancestors and successors, and for the salvation of Margaret, his spouse, and their children, has given, granted and by this his present charter established to Melrose Abbey, and especially, to light one candle at the tomb of Saint Waltheof, abbot [of Melrose], two pounds of wax, in honour of the aforesaid saint, during the fair of Roxburgh. It is to be rendered from John’s lands or [as] a payment, since wax will be able to be commonly bought in the country. And lest any disturbance should arise concerning this annual render, he binds himself and his heirs by the present charter [to render] the two pounds of wax or the aforesaid payment. [12]The political situation continued to sour with injustices committed by the English governors, and in 1297 the Scots began an open revolt against the English. In May of 1297, a Scottish knight by the name of William Wallace killed the English Sheriff of Lanark, Sir William Haselrig. Wallace was from Ayrshire and his family were vassals of James Stewart, the 5th High Steward. As such, it is also widely believed that Wallace was educated in the Stewart family church, Paisley Abbey.
Paisley Abbey, the ancestral church of the Stewart family. William Wallace is believed to have been educated here.
By June, Wallace had planned a strike to liberate Scone and overthrow the English-appointed Justiciar of Scotland, William de Ormesby, who learned of the assault in advance and escaped. At this point, Edward I sent English soldiers to resolve the problem. When he heard that Sir William Douglas had defected to the Rebels, Edward sent the Scottish knight Robert Bruce, the Earl of Carrick (whose grandfather Robert de Brus was a claimant to the Scottish throne, and whose father had sworn fealty to Edward and lived in England) and his soldiers to attack Castle Douglas in Lanarkshire. However, en route, Robert had a change of heart and decided to side with the Scots, saying:
No man holds his flesh and blood in hatred, and I am no exception. I must join my own people and the nation in whom I was born. [13]Robert "the Bruce" joined his forces with those of James Stewart, the 5th High Steward of Scotland, Sir John Stewart, Alexander Lindsay, and William Douglas.
In July 1297 the English and Scottish armies met at Irvine, and the Scottish nobles led long and futile negotiations; it has been suggested that these negotiations were merely an attempt to buy time for the Scots to rally and train soldiers. As a result of these negotiations, the Scottish nobles drafted a document on 9 July 1297, stating:
Robert de Brus, earl of Carrick, James Stewart of Scotland, Alexander Lindsay, John, brother of the Stewart, and William Douglas make known that they, together with the community of their country, have risen against their lord, Sir Edward, king of England, lord of Ireland and duke of Aquitaine and against his peace, [and] have in his lordship and land of Scotland and of Galloway committed arson, homicide and divers robberies; they now submit themselves to the will of their lord the king, to make full amends, saving the terms contained in a document which they have from Sirs Henry de Percy and Robert de Clifford, captains of the army of the king of England in Scotland. They append their seals. [14]This appeased the English commanders and their army departed south, only to be pursued by the army of Wallace and Moray who besieged them in Dundee Castle. On July 23, 1297 at Berwick-upon-Tweed, the English Treasurer in Scotland, Hugh de Cressingham, wrote to King Edward I acknowledging the charge received from the King in prior letters to employ all his resources to sway or stop Robert Bruce, Earl of Carrick, James the Steward of Scotland, and his brother, Sir John Stewart:
Hugh de Cressingham writes to Edward I noting that he received on 14 July at Berwick two pair of his letters by the hands of John de Brehille and William de Ledbury, his messengers […] he should do to the earl of Warenne speedily as he could well do, and as the earl should have need for it. In answer to the first command, he notes that he received the entire amount of the money which the king sent him. The other letter says that if the king had the earl of Carrick, the Steward of Scotland, and his brother, who as the king understands, are supporters of the insurrection […] he would think his business done. The king charges Cressingham herein to employ all the skill he has that he can by means of the money which he has sent him, and the king, Sir Henry de Percy and Sir Robert Clifford would not think themselves deceived. He notes that he had been at Bolton, Northumberland by the advice of the king’s council and the earl of Warenne, the king’s guardian of Scotland and they decided to make an expedition against the enemy on Thursday before the feast of St Margaret. They would have made the expedition had not it been for Sir Henry de Percy and Sir Robert Clifford, who arrived on the Wednesday evening before and made known that they had received the king’s enemies into their peace. They were answered that even though peace had been made on this side, it were well to make an incursion upon the enemies on the other side of the Scottish sea, or that an attack be made upon William Wallace, who lay there with a large company in Selkirk forest. It was determined that no expedition be made until the earl’s arrival. If the king does not know yet, Cressingham sends it to him under the seal of the bishop of Glasgow, along with his letter of credence and the credence which his clerk told him, which things the bishop then sent him to Roxburgh. He will keep William de Ledbury, the king’s other messenger by his leave. [15]On 11 September 1297 at the Battle of Stirling Bridge, Hugh de Cressingham urged the English commanders to press a full attack, which resulted in a major English defeat and his own death. The Scottish commander Andrew Moray was also killed in the conflict. Taking courage from this victory, Wallace retaliated against the English and invaded Northumberland. The following January of 1298, France signed a truce with England, and in March, William Wallace was knighted and appointed a Guardian of Scotland.
The Battle of Falkirk
Edward I temporarily moved his capital in the north to York to undertake a major military campaign against the Scots. He summoned the Scottish nobles to attend a council-of-war in York to plan the invasion of Scotland, but none attended. By June 25, 1298 his army had assembled at York, estimated to include 2,500 cavalry, 12,500 infantry (including archers). On July 3, 1298, Edward’s army invaded Scotland, and Wallace’s army shadowed them while maintaining a safe distance. Some of the Welsh soldiers in the English army rebelled near Edinburgh, leading to the deaths of 80 Welshmen and threats to defect to the Scottish army. Additional soldiers led by Sir John Stewart and John Comyn reinforced Wallace’s army. On July 22, 1298, the feast day of Mary Magdalene, Edward received intelligence that Wallace’s army was hiding in the wood of Callendar near Falkirk, just 13 miles away, to which he stated:
As God lives…they need not pursue me, for I will meet them this day. [16]Upon being discovered and with no reasonable chance of escape, the Scottish army prepared to defend themselves. A dispute broke out between the leaders of each of the three major divisions of the Scottish army as to who should command the entire army – Sir William Wallace, Sir John Stewart, and John Comyn.
Hitherto the Scottish leaders had acted with apparent unanimity. An obstinate dispute, however, arose about the chief command, which each now claimed as his right – Wallace, as guardian of the kingdom; Cumyn, because allied to the crown [he was nephew to the king], and having a numerous vassalage; and Stewart, as supplying the place of his brother the Lord High Steward. We are not informed how the ill-timed dispute was ended. Each, probably, continued to exercise an independent command over the body he had brought into the field. [17]The 15th Century poem “The Wallace” by Henry the Minstrel – once the second most popular book in Scotland next to the Bible [18] - gives a fanciful account of the dispute between Sir John and Sir William described by one writer:
Much opprobrious language had passed between Stewart and Wallace. Stewart is said to have upbraided his friend with aspiring to a dignity far above his rank; and compared him to the owl in the fable, who, having dressed herself with borrowed feathers, affected not only a beauty above her kind, but a dominion over the whole winged tribe. Wallace, it is added, was so irritated, that he led off his ten thousand to Callendar Wood, where they stood idle spectators of the combat. [19]However, the poem contains numerous inaccuracies and is regarded as highly romanticized and historically inaccurate, being written over 150 years after the events it describes.
According to the contemporary Walter of Guisborough, the Scottish:
“...spearmen waited with their lances raised obliquely and with faces turned toward the circumference of the circles. Between those circles there were certain intermediate spaces in which were stationed the bowmen … behind, were their horsemen.”
The size of the Scottish army has been estimated at 5,000 infantry (including archers) and 1,000 cavalry. Before the battle, Wallace addressed the army, declaring in the Scots language:
I haif brocht ye to the ring; hop gif ye may!Or in modern English:
I have brought you to the ring; dance if you can!” [20]
The Battle of Falkirk. [21]
William Wallace commanded the pikemen, John Stewart commanded the archers, and John Comyn commanded the cavalry.
The Battle of Falkirk
In the medieval poem, Henry the minstrel states:
The good Stewart then to array is gone; The field he took, as true and worthy knight. [22]During the first skirmish, the Scottish cavalry, under the command of John Comyn, fled the battlefield leaving the archers vulnerable in their positions between the schiltrons. [23]
It is commonly asserted that Cumyn was so irritated because the supreme command was not decreed to him, that he marched his ten thousand off the field, without fighting; and that only Wallace and Stewart, with their divisions, remained to receive the enemy, who approached in a highly martial style. [24]
The Scots resisted the attacks of the English cavalry for a time until the cavalry charged through the Scottish archers, killing their commander, Sir John Stewart. Rather than flee the field and abandon the body of their fallen lord, the archers rallied around him and were killed to the man:
“Among them were the brother of the Steward of Scotland and men ordained archers in the forest of Selkyrk. In the midst of the archers he fell from his horse and was killed. The archers rallied around him, and with him they fell, men of elegant form and great stature.” [25]The poem “The Wallace” claims that Sir William abandoned Sir John to be overwhelmed by the English cavalry because of their earlier dispute, although one writer states:
That an unhappy difference had arisen between the Scottish leaders, before the battle, cannot be denied. Nor is it easy to conceive what could have induced the Scottish writers to fabricate a tale so dishonourable to Wallace, generally their favourite. The most plausible method of conciliating this account with that by the English historians, is to suppose that the dispute had happened the day before; and that, if Wallace had carried his resentment so far as to retire, yet, afterwards relenting, he had joined the army. In this case, it might have been his division that the English saw upon the heights west of Linlithgow, and which, upon their approach, fell back to the main body at Falkirk. Fordun expressly says, that Cumyn forsook the rest of the leaders; and in Goodal’s edition of that author, there is no mention of any dispute between Wallace and Stewart; but in the various readings it is intimated, that, in Hearn’s manuscript, the loss of the battle is ascribed to the jealousy and pride of two of the Scottish commanders. [26]With the Scottish archers killed, the English cavalry advanced but was unable to gain much advantage against the Scottish schiltrons until the English and Welsh longbowmen fired upon them, causing them to scatter and retreat into the forest. The Scots suffered a disastrous defeat and heavy casualties, including Wallace’s second-in-command Sir John de Graham, Sir John Stewart, and Macduff of Fife. The poem states:
At the Falkirk the good Stewart was slain,Sir John Stewart and the other fallen battle commanders were interred at the Falkirk Old Parish Church. Regarding his grave, one writer states:
Our chronicles rehearse that in plain,
On Magdalene Day, that eight year before;
Comyn did thereof it witness more. [27]
A plain, coffin-shaped block of stone… is all that marks his grave. Inscribed on its rugged face are the words – ‘Here lies a Scottish hero, Sir John Stewart, who was killed at the battle of Falkirk, 22nd July, 1298 †.’ It is supposed that the body lies a few feet to the south or west of the present position of the stone. [28]The gravestone is most likely original from the late 13th Century, with the inscription carved during the 19th Century. [29]
The gravestone of Sir John Stewart in the Falkirk Old Parish Churchyard.
Legacy
In 1877, the 3rd Marquess of Bute, John Patrick Crichton-Stuart, a distant great-nephew of Sir John Stewart, erected a Celtic Cross in the parish churchyard with the following inscription:
In memory of the Men of Bute who under Sir John Stewart on 22nd July, 1298 in the Battle near the Fawe Kirk fought bravely and fell gloriously this Cross is reverently raised by John Stuart, marquess of Bute AD 1877.
Monument erected by the 3rd Marquess of Bute in the Falkirk Parish churchyard in 1877.
In 2013 a monument was erected on the Isle of Bute to commemorate the 600 soldiers from Bute who fought at the Battle of Falkirk under the command of their lord Sir John Stewart. The inscription reads:
In honour of the 'Men of Bute' who, under the command of Sir John Stewart, fell to a man at the Battle of Falkirk, 22nd July 1298.
‘Who fought for Wallace on Falkirk's field, John Stewart's men with sword and shield but o'er pow'rd thus! Their fate was sealed for freedom fell.’ [30]
Monument erected on the Isle of Bute in 2013
In 2007, the Falkirk Council erected a monument near the battle site in the shape of a cairn to commemorate those who died during the battle.
The monument at the Falkirk battlesite. [31]
A plaque on the monument begins with a the first lines of Robert Burn’s poem, “Scots Wha Hae,” stating:
’Scots wha hae wi Wallace bled.’
This monument is dedicated to the thousands of Scottish patriots who fought and died under the command of Sir William Wallace at the First Battle of Falkirk 22nd of July, 1298 A.D.
‘They came to the ring and danced their best.’
Bas agus buaidh (Scottish Gaelic, meaning ‘death and victory’). [32]Another inscription on the monument bears a poem:
FALKIRK REMEMBERS
On Falkirk’s lonely battlefield
Scots Patriots did stand
One thought alone was in their minds
To defend their precious land
Their cause was just and nobleAnother phrase from 15th Century poem “The Wallace” reads,
Liberty for all
To beat the proud usurper
Or together they would fall
‘I’ve brought you to the ring’ he cried
‘Now dance the best you can’
And dance they did all those brave men
Heroes to a man
Their bravery was not enough
Their lives outnumbered so
But those whom some relied upon
From the battlefield did go
Each man died a hero
Though this fight they never won
For all who died that bloody day
We thank you Scotlands sons. [33]
What be Stewart, and next be brave Wallace,After the death of Sir John Stewart, his wife Margaret remarried David of Brechin. An English Administrative paper mentioning them states:
For all his prize, King Edward rued that race.
10 July 1304. To the sheriff of Cumberland, for David of Brechin and Margaret, his wife, for the lands of Alexander of Bunkle, her father. Stirling [35]And in July or August, King Edward I of England sent this letter to the Lord Chancellor of England:
The king to Master William of Greenfield, chancellor, as David of Brechin and Margaret, his wife, Scottish rebels, have come to his peace, and David has done homage and fealty, he commands that the English lands of Alexander of Bunkle, father of Margaret, whose heir she is, be restored to them. [36]Through his wife Margaret of Bunkle, Sir John Stewart had the following children:
- Sir Alexander Stewart of Bunkle
- Sir Alan Stewart of Dreghorn
- Sir Walter Stewart of Garlies and Dalwiston
- Sir James Stewart of Pearston
- Sir John Stewart of Daldon
- Isabella Stewart
- Sir Robert Stewart of Daldowie
- Sir Hugh Stewart
My line descends from their second son, Sir Alan Stewart of Dreghorn, the ancestor of the Stewarts of Darnley.
[1] https://books.google.com/books/about/The_History_and_Chronicles_of_Scotland.html?id=YUJkAAAAMAAJ
[1] https://books.google.com/books/about/The_History_and_Chronicles_of_Scotland.html?id=YUJkAAAAMAAJ
Variant spellings
of the name Bunkle include Buncle, Bonkyl, Bonkyll, Bonkill, and Boncle.
[5] From the Ragman Roll. https://archive.org/details/instrumentapublica00thomuoft/page/8
[20]
Ancient Scottish Poems Volume 2. p. 409. https://books.google.com/books?id=W9A_AQAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&source#v=onepage&q&f=false
[23] A
shiltron is a formation of spearmen facing outward; in this battle, each
division of spearmen formed a circle.
[25] “Inter quos frater senescalli Scocie cum
ordinasset viros sagittarios de foresta de Selkyrk casu ex equo et inter eosdem
sagitarios occisus est. Circumsteterunt enim eum iidem sagittarii et cum eo
corruerunt homines quidem elegantis forme et procere stature.” The
Chronicle of Walter of Guisborough, edited by Harry Rothwell. P. 328
[29] The 1797 Old Statistical Account references the stone had
no inscription at that time.
[30]
By Alistair McMillan.
[33]
By John Patterson.
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